However, SPSS Statistics does not need you to enter this column, and it is mostly for you to be able to better visualize your data. So, even if we ignored the Subject column, we can see that one individual was 1. How to label variable columns is in our Working with Variables guide. To add more variables, simply add more columns - one column per variable. The only variation to this is discussed later in this guide when we have to enter repeated measures. Separate groups are more commonly called between-subjects factors or independent groups.
They are groups where the individuals in each group are unique i. In this sense, you could call the groups "mutually-exclusive".
A common example is when differentiating between gender. You want to label some of your individuals as female and others as male. To identify which subjects were males and which were females, you need to create a "grouping variable" in SPSS Statistics.
This is a separate column that includes information on which group a subject belongs to. We do this by labelling our groups numerically. For example, we label "males" as " 1 " and "females" as " 2 ".
By using the value attribute we can label these numbers as representing males and females, respectively. An example is shown below:. Looking at the columns on the left we can see that we have created a "grouping variable" called "Gender" that has two categories: " 1 " and " 2 ".
Because we labelled the numbers using the value attribute we can use the Value Label Button to switch to the text version of the "grouping variable" categories. In this example, we can see that "1" and "2" are replaced by " Male " and " Female ", respectively.
How to do this is explained in our guide on Working with Variables. We can see in this example that the first three subjects were males and the last four subjects were females.
What if you have more than two categories of your "grouping variable"? Simple, just add more numbers with, we recommend, corresponding text labels. Repeated measures, also called within-subject factors or related groups, are variables that are measured on more than one occasion.
This can occur when you have measured the same subject for the same variable at more than one time point or under more than one condition.
For example, you measured body weight at the beginning and end of a weight-loss programme. To enter this into SPSS Statistics, you must ignore the "one-variable-one-column" rule and put each time point or condition in a new column as follows:.
It does not matter what you call these "related" columns you could have called them weight1 and weight2, for example , as long the columns make sense to you. This is important as SPSS Statistics cannot tell the difference between columns that contain different variables and columns that contain a repeated variable. Therefore, it cannot help you. It allows you to perform a variety of functions on your data, but you need data before you can do any of that.
There are several ways to enter data into SPSS, from entering it manually to importing it from another file.
Define your variables. Create a multiple choice variable. Enter your first case. Continue filling out variables. Finish the remaining cases. Manipulate the data. Did this summary help you?
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No account yet? Create an account. Edit this Article. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. By using our site, you agree to our cookie policy. Cookie Settings. Learn why people trust wikiHow. Download Article Explore this Article methods. Things You'll Need. Related Articles. Article Summary. Author Info Last Updated: June 3, Method 1. In order to enter data using SPSS, you need to have some variables. These are the columns of the spreadsheet when using "Data View", and each one will contain data that is all the same format.
To define your variables, double-click a column heading "Data View" A menu will appear, allowing you to define the variable. When entering a variable Name, it must begin with a letter and capitalization is ignored. When choosing the Type, you can choose between "String" characters and a variety of numerical formats. See this guide for more details on defining variables. If you are defining a variable that has two or more set possibilities, you can set labels for the values.
For example, if one of your variables is whether or not an employee is active, your only two options for that variable might be "Active" and "Former". For each value, give it a corresponding label e. When you enter in the data for that variable, you only have to type "1" or "2" to select the option you want. Click the empty cell directly underneath the leftmost column. Enter in the value that matches the variable type into the cell.
For example, if the column is "name", you might enter in an employee's name. Move to the next empty cell to to the right and fill out the appropriate value. Always fill out one complete record at a time.
For example, if you are entering employee records, you would enter a single employee's name, address, phone number, and salary before moving on to the next employee.
Make sure that the values you enter match the Type format. For example, entering a dollar value in a Date-formatted column will cause an error.
Finish filling out your cases. After each case is finished, move down to the next row and enter in the next. Make sure each case has an entry for every variable. If you decide you need to add another variable, double-click the next open column header and create one. Manipulate your data.
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