These people used Clovis and Folsom projectile points to hunt small animals and megafauna , such as mammoths. When megafauna became extinct due to climate change, Paleo-Indians adapted to an Archaic lifestyle. Archeologists suspect that Paleo-Indians migrated through the Waterpocket Fold but have found no Paleo artifacts to date.
The Archaic Period is defined by a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle, following annual regional migrations. Desert Archaic Indians lived from 8,, years ago and migrated based on the availability of resources. They hunted herds of mammals using a lightweight, spear-throwing stick called an Atlatl.
Archaic Indians relied on plants for food, and used them to make baskets, animal traps, clothing, and medicine.
They used stones to make tools and ground seeds and nuts with a metate, or slab of stone, and a mano, smaller hand-held stone, to make paste or flour. They lived primarily in caves or rock shelters, storing hides, tools, and food, while moving from place to place to hunt game.
A few insightful artifacts have also been found in Horseshoe Canyon, a unit of Canyonlands National Park. Continue a timeline tour of the people that shaped Capitol Reef by learning about the Fremont Culture , who inhabited the area from about - C.
Publications Pages Publications Pages. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Find in Worldcat. Go to page:. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Search within book. Subscriber sign in You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Username Please enter your Username. Password Please enter your Password. Forgot password? Though teardrop-shaped Acheulean handaxes remained the dominant tool technology until around , years ago, at least one significant innovation emerged long before that among early human species such as Homo neanderthalensis, or Neanderthals.
Known as the Levallois, or prepared-core technique, it involved striking pieces off a stone core to produce a tortoise-shell like shape, then carefully striking the core again in such a way that a single large, sharp flake can be broken off. The method could produce numerous knife-like tools of predictable size and shape, a considerable advance in toolmaking technology. Named for the site outside Paris where archaeologists first recognized and described it in the s, the Levallois technique was widely used in the Mousterian tool culture associated with Neanderthals in Europe, Asia and Africa as late as 40, years ago.
While Neanderthals were long assumed to be far more primitive than modern humans, their prolific production of such relatively sophisticated tools suggests a more complicated reality.
This Upper Paleolithic stone tool tradition emerged among both Neanderthals and the first modern humans, or Homo sapiens, in Europe and parts of Africa. The central innovation of this type of toolmaking involved detaching long rectangular flakes from a stone core to form blades, which proved more effective at cutting.
Named for the French village of Aurignac, where prehistoric remains were discovered in a cave in , the Aurignacian culture is associated with the first anatomically modern humans in Europe. In addition to their innovations with tools, the Aurignacians also made some of the earliest representational artwork , leaving behind engraved limestone tablets and blocks featuring depictions of animals such as aurochs, an ancestor of wild cattle.
Microliths were added to Late Magdalenian bone tools like these, including harpoons and projectile points. When attached to handles made of bone or antler, these could easily be used as projectile weapons, as well as for woodworking and food preparation purposes.
Shea wrote in an article in American Scientist in , it was also a time when the climate varied dramatically, and humans may have needed more versatile and easily transportable tools as they migrated in search of readily available food sources in an unpredictable environment.
Jadeite axes from the Neolithic Period in central Europe. Starting around 10, B.
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